Vitamin C

Vitamin C
© 1996 - 2004 PFPC

Doulas NL, Constantopoulos A, Litsios B- “Effect of ascorbic acid on guinea pig adrenal adenylate cyclase activity and plasma cortisol“ J Nutr 117(6):1108-14 (1987)

    Values for NaF-stimulated adenylate cyclase (ACL) activity activity showed a progressive decrease with increasing  ascorbic acid doses...  “On the other hand, NaF-responsive ACL activity was higher in scorbutic animals than in any other group.”

Gupta SK, Gupta RC, Seth AK, Gupta A - “Reversal of fluorosis in children” Acta Paediatr Jpn 38(5):513-9 (1996)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=89 42013
(benefit - yes)

Gupta SK, Gupta RC, Seth AK - Reversal of clinical and dental fluorosis” Indian Pediatr 31(4):439-43 (1994)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=78 75866
(benefit - yes)

Krishnamachari KA, Laxmaiah N - “Lack of effect of massive dose of vitamin C on fluoride excretion in fluorosis during a short clinical trial” Am J Clin Nutr 28(11):1234-6 (1975)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11 90102
(benefit - no)

Reddy GB, Khandare AL, Reddy PY, Rao GS, Balakrishna N, Srivalli I - “Antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation in patients with skeletal fluorosis and in fluoride-intoxicated rabbits” Toxicol Sci 72(2):363-8 (2003)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12 660366
(benefit - no)

Shah SD, Chinoya NJ - “Adverse effects of fluoride and/or arsenic on the cerebral hemisphere of mice and recovery by some antidotes" Fluoride 37(3):162-171 (2004)

    SUMMARY: The effects of oral administration of sodium fluoride (NaF) and/or arsenic trioxide (As2O3) at 5 and 0.5 mg/kg body weight doses, respectively, for 30 days were studied on the physiology and histology of brain (cerebral hemisphere) of adult mice (Mus musculus). Recovery after 30 additional days by some antidotes (vitamins C and E and calcium phosphate) was also examined. The observed significant decline in levels of DNA and RNA and acetylcholinesterase activity in brain (cerebral hemisphere) of mice treated with NaF, As2O3 and NaF + As2O3 is related to its altered histology. The combined antidote treatment was conducive for recovery of this fluoride and arsenic induced toxicity in the brain. These results are viewed as having important implications for fluoride and arsenic endemic populations all over the globe.

Shangguan C, Wang W, Sun J - “A study on the value of vitamin C in treating skeletal fluorosis” Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zh 34(11):761-3 (1995)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=87 31849
(benefit - no)
(...It is further shown that there is no effect in treating skeletal fluorosis with vitamin C.)

Yu MH, Driver CJ - ““The effects of fluoride on the growth and L-ascorbic acid levels of tissues from the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus)” Fluoride 11 (2):60-67 (1978)

    “The growth of organs and the content and distribution of ascorbic acid in tissues were studied in growing chicks fed a diet supplemented with 150 ppm of fluoride (as NaF). No differences in body weight were observed between the control and fluoride-treated birds at the end of 4 wk, but experimental birds showed a sharp increase in the weight of tibia and pectoralis and a decrease in comb size. A slight weight gain was also shown in the gizzard, heart, kidney and liver in these birds. The fluoride treatment decreased ascorbic acid concentration in the heart, spleen, brain, gizzard, pancreas and pectoralis, while it elevated levels in lung and kidney. Apparently, supplementary fluoride intake by growing chicks even at the 150 ppm safe level can cause marked physiological and biochemical changes including changes in tissue ascorbic acid metabolism.”

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Phillips PH, Stare FJ -
"The distribution of a reducing substance (vitamin C) in
the tissues of fluorinefed cows"
J Biol Chem 104: 351 - 358 (1934)

Phillips PH, Stare FH, Elvehjem CH -
"A study of tissue respiration and certain reducing substances in chronic fluorosis and scurvy in the guinea pig"
J Biol Chem 106:41-61 (1934)

“same symptoms of scurvey as fluorosis ...ascorbic acid is an iodine-titrable substance...”

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Rao K, Susheela AK - “Effect of sodium fluoride on adrenal gland of rabbit: I. Studies on ascorbic acid and delta 5-3beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity” Fluoride 12(2):65-71 (1979)

    “Rabbits were given 50 mg sodium fluoride/kg body weight through the intragastric route every 24 h for 200 days. The left adrenal gland was removed and its total weight was recorded. Adrenal glands from rabbits sacrificed at varying intervals for other investigative purposes were also collected and their weights were recorded. A significant rise in the total weight of the gland was indicated. Ascorbic acid and steroid dehydrogenase (DELTA 5-3beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) were localized in the adrenal gland by histochemical methods. In rabbits exposed to NaF, a reduction in ascorbic acid content and a depletion of steroid dehydrogenase activity occurs, especially at the zona glomerulosa. The significance of increase in the weight of the gland to the reduction of the ascorbic acid content and steroid dehydrogenase activity is discussed.”

Chinoy NJ, Sharma M, Michael M - “Beneficial effects of ascorbic acid and calcium on reversal of fluoride toxicity in male rats” Fluoride 26(1):45-56 (1993)

    “The present study was undertaken to investigate the therapeutic effects of simultaneous ascorbic acid and calcium ingestion along with sodium fluoride (NaF) treatment on the structure and metabolism of vital organs like liver, adrenal, gastrocnemius muscle and serum parameters of male rats. The decrease in muscle and serum proteins suggested inhibition of protein synthesis by fluoride and a possible change in osmotic balance. Alterations in the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and cholinesterase (ChE) in gastrocnemius muscle elucidate disturbances in its oxidative metabolism, neuromuscular transmission and contractility. The accumulation of glycogen in liver and muscle indicate reduction in the activities of enzymes of glycolytic pathway. The total ascorbic acid in liver and adrenal were enhanced to overcome the stress imposed by the treatment. However, the fluorotic rats did not suffer from hypercholesterolemia.”

Chinoy NJ, Sequera E, Narayana MV - “Effects of vitamin C and calcium on the reversibility of fluoride-induced alterations in spermatozoa of rabbits” Fluoride 24(1):29-40 (1991)