References:
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Bayer Flufenacet MSDS - http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/pesticide/data/Domain_msds.pdf
Brtko J, Knopp J, Baker ME - "Inhibition of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine binding to its receptor in rat liver by protease inhibitors and substrates" Mol Cell Endocrinol 93(1):81-6 (1993)
Casterra H - "Erfahrungen mit einem neuen organischen Fluorpräparat bei Hyperthyreosen" Das Deutsche Gesundheitswesen 2(22):704-705 (1947)
CDC- The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, CAS #: 75-68-3 [Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances.]
Chalmers DK, Scholz GH, Topliss DJ, Kolliniatis E, Munro SL, Craik DJ, Iskander MN, Stockigt JR - "Thyroid hormone uptake by hepatocytes: structure-activity relationships of phenylanthranilic acids with inhibitory activity" J Med Chem 36(9):1272-7 (1993) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=848 7264
Conget JI, Navarro M, Navarro P, Corachan M - “Changes in the thyroid hormone profile following the prophylactic administration of mefloquine” Med Clin (Barc) 100(13):516 (1993)
Croft AM, Herxheimer A - “Adverse effects of the antimalaria drug, mefloquine: due to primary liver damage with secondary thyroid involvement?” BMC Public Health 2(1):6 (2002) FULL TEXT
CTC Consult - Drug Info:Casodex http://www.ctclconsult.com/pdrdruginfo/html/03900200.htm
- “...increased incidence of benign thyroid follicular cell adenomas in rats given 5 mg/kg/day (approximately 2/3 human therapeutic concentrations*)”
De Mendonca Lima CA, Vandel S, Bonin B, Bechtel P, Carron R - "Maprotiline versus fluvoxamine: comparison of their effects on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroid axis" Encephale 23(1):48-55 (1997)
Dodd DE, Leahy HF, Feldmann ML, English JH, Vinegar A - "Reproductive Toxicity Screen of Trifluoroiodomethane (CF(3)I) in Sprague-Dawley Rats" Inhal Toxicol 11(11):1041-1055 (1999)
Euler H, Eichler O, Hindemith H - "Über die Wirkung einiger organischer Fluoride bei chronischer Darreichung" Arch exp. Pathol Pharmakol 206:75-82 (1949)
Euler H, Eichler O - “Ueber die Wirkung von Fluor in organischer Bindung auf das Zahnsystem der Ratte” Arch exp Pathol Pharmakol 199:179-187 (1942)
EUROPEAN COMMISSION - Isoxaflutole Sanco/3136-99/Final (2003) PDF
EWG - Presentation to CDC - "Perfluorinated chemicals: Justification for Inclusion of this Chemical Class in the National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals" (2002) PDF
“The fluorinated telomer alcohols also affect the thyroid gland. Although detailed study information is claimed as CBI (Confidential Business Information) and redacted from the public record, presentations made by the Telomer Research Group to the US EPA indicate that the thyroid was a target for all of the fluorinated telomers tested (telomer BA, telomer ethoxylate, telomer urethane polymer) (DuPont 2002a). In addition, PFOA is a metabolic product of telomer 8:2, which is a mixture of telomers (DuPont 2002c).”
Federal Register: 67 (186):60130-60142 (September 25, 2002) http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2002/September/Day-25/p24094.htm
“...the examination also noted a decrease in thyroxine levels in females (~ 45%) and a non-significant decrease in triiodothyronine (~ 40%)...”
“TTCA [tolyfluanid metabolite]... behaves as a goitrogenic compound with a potency approximately equal to propylthiouracil (PTU), a known thionamide inhibitor of initial thyroid hormone synthesis.”
Federal Register: 65 (121):38765-38774 (June 22, 2000)
Federal Register: 64 (151):42839-42846 (August 6, 1999) http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/1999/August/Day-06/p20317.htm
Federal Register: 64 (198):55714-55721 (October 14, 1999) http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/1999/October/Day-14/p26861.htm
Federal Register: 63 (72):18411-18420 (April 15, 1998)
Federal Register: 62 (228) :62954-62961 (November 26, 1997)
Federal Register: 62 (119): 33641-33647 (June 20, 1997)
Federal Register: 60 (183):49141-49149 (September 21, 1995)
Federal Register: January 12, 1994 http://www.epa.gov/tri/frnotices/59fr1788.htm
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Hurley PM - “ Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents” Environ Health Perspect 106(8):437-45 (1998)
Information for Health Professionals (New Zealand) - Datasheet - Fluvastatin (Lescol) http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/Profs/Datasheet/l/Lescolcap.htm
see also: FDA, 2002
Information for Health Professionals (New Zealand) - Datasheet - Midazolam http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/Profs/Datasheet/m/Midazolaminj.htm
also: Midazolam - Biodocs http://www.bidocs.com/renetnt:/Prescribing+Information/PIs/Roxane/Midazol am/Midazolam+Hydrochloride+Syrup.pdf
“In addition, an increased incidence of thyroid follicular cell adenomas and carcinomas was recorded in male rats treated with 18-24 mg/kg per day.”
IRIS - Health Assessment - Haloxyfop-methyl [CASRN 69806-40-2]US EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) http://mng-unix1.marasconewton.com/iris/iris_dev/subst/0467.htm
“A significant decrease in male and female triiodothyronine and free thyroxine values was accompanied by a significant decrease in male and female relative thyroid/parathyroid weights”
Jackson IM, Luo LG - "Antidepressants inhibit the glucocorticoid stimulation of thyrotropin releasing hormone expression in cultured hypothalamic neurons" J Investig Med 46(9):470-4 (1988) MEDLINE
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Kraft K, Dengel F - "Verfahren zur Herstellung kernsubstituierter Phenylessigsäuren", German Patent DE 819,696; filed Feb. 3, 1943; pat. Nov. 5, 1951 (A compound acting similarly as fluorotyrosine, 3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, was patented by Kraft and Dengel of Knoll, pharmaceutical company of Ludwigshafen, and became known under the names of "Capacin", "Kapacin", and "Wiflucin" (marketed by Knoll) as a treatment against hyperthyroidism. -> s.a. The Merck Index, 9th edition, Merck & Co., Rahway, N.J., 1976)
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Lilly Research Laboratories - “ A subchronic (three-month) toxicity study in Fischer 344 rats given daily gavage doses of 4-chlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF)” (1983) EPA Document No. 40-8452058, Fiche No. OTS0507306 (1983)
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Picolinafen - Natural Registration Authority for Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (November 2000)
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Shelton RC, Winn S, Ekhatore N, Loosen PT - "The effects of antidepressants on the thyroid axis in depression" Biol Psychiatry 33(2):120-6(1993)
Smith PF, Grossman SJ, Gerson RJ, Gordon LR, Deluca JG, Majka JA, Wang RW, Germershausen JI, MacDonald JS - “Studies on the mechanism of simvastatin-induced thyroid hypertrophy and follicular cell adenoma in the rat” Toxicol Pathol 19(3):197-205 (1991)
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Umemoto et al - "N-fluoropyridinium salt and process for preparing same" US: 4,996,320, Sagami Chemical Research Center (JP) (1991)
Zofkova I, BednarJ - "Trifluoperazine inhibits thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated TSH secretion" Horm Metab Res 18(9):621-4 (1986)
Zofkova I, Bednar J - "Effects of calcitonin, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 and trifluoperazine on thyrotropic secretion and their mutual interactions" Exp Clin Endocrinol 92(3):268-74 (1988)
US EPA - Toxicology Chapter for RED (August 8, 2001) http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/reregistration/oxyfluorfen/oxytoxchapter.pdf
US EPA - Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED): Trifluralin (EPA 738-R-95-040;April 1996)
US EPA - Pesticide Fact Sheet: Thiazopyr (February 20, l997) http://www.epa.gov/opprd001/factsheets/thiazopyr.pdf
“The primary target organs for thiazopyr toxicity in the rat, mouse and dog were the liver, thyroid, kidney and blood, with the liver being the most sensitive indicator of toxicity...Reverse T3 was increased at 28 days, and T3 was either not affected or increased...Results of the three studies suggest that increased glucuronidation, deiodination of T4 and T3, and increased rate of clearance of T4 from the blood and excretion of the hormone and its metabolites in the bile could significantly reduce the level of circulating T4 in the male rat. Results of these studies support the hypothesis that thiazopyr may induce thyroid tumors through a disruption of the thyroid-pituitary hormonal feedback mechanism circulating T4 in the male rat.”
WHO - Fluazuron: Toxicological Evaluation - WHO Food Additives Series 39 (1997)
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O'Hagan D, Schaffrath C, Cobb SL, Hamilton JT, Murphy CD - “Biochemistry: biosynthesis of an organofluorine molecule” Nature 416(6878):279 (2002) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11907567&dopt=Ab stract
Buckle FJ, Saunders BC - "Toxic Fluorine Compounds Containing the C-F Link. Part VIII. Omega-Fluoro-carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Containing an Oxygen Atom as a Chain Member" Journal of the Chemical Society (England) 2774-8 (1949) OSTI ID: 443098
Saunders BC, Stacey GJ, Wilding IGE - "Toxic Fluorine Compounds Containing the C-F Link. Part II. Fluoroethanol and Its Derivatives" Journal of the Chemical Society (England) 1949: 773-7 (1949) OSTI ID: 4442839
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